We sought to identify the frequencies of presarcopenia, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic obesity in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and to cross-sectionally determine the nutritional and dietary factors associated with loss of skeletal muscle mass in such patients. Dietary and body component changes produced by a diet intervention were longitudinally investigated. Forty-six NAFLD patients (24 males and 22 females) were enrolled. A second diet treatment was performed at 6 months after entry in 19 of the enrolled …

Objectives Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have aberrant changes in body composition, including low skeletal muscle mass, a feature of “sarcopenia.” The measurement of the (quadriceps) rectus femoris (RF) cross‐sectional area (CSA) is widely used as a marker of muscle size. Cutoff values are needed to help discriminate the condition of an individual's muscle (eg, presence of sarcopenia) quickly and accurately. This could help distinguish those at greater risk and aid in targeted treatment programs. Methods …

Objectives The aims of this study was to determine the optimal cutoff values of non-paretic calf circumference (CC) that are indicative of low skeletal muscle mass and examine the association between a low CC and rehabilitation outcomes. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study that included 628 patients in convalescent rehabilitation wards in Japan. Patients in post-stroke rehabilitation who were≥ 20 y of age were included. We examined the agreement between CC on the non-paretic side and a low skeletal muscle …

The n-3 fatty acid (FA) has evoked considerable interest as a modifiable factor for maintenance of muscle health owing to its anti-inflammatory properties. To clarify this possibility, we investigated circulating n-3 FA level, a reliable biomarker of FA status in the body, in relation to sarcopenia in a cohort of Asian older adults. Blood samples were collected from 125 participants who underwent comprehensive assessment of muscle mass and function. Serum FA level was measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry …

Background Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at increased risk of muscle wasting. Screening tools for sarcopenia, including the Sarc‐F questionnaire are now advocated for clinical practice. We wished to compare using the Sarc‐F tool with standard measurements of hand grip (HGS) strength and appendicular muscle mass index (APMI). Methods We retrospectively reviewed Sarc‐F questionnaires completed by patients with CKD, along with contemporaneous measurements of HGS and bioimpedance measured …

We compared a mixed exercise program (ie, balance exercise plus resistance exercise) with resistance exercise in a single-blind, randomized controlled trial in a post-acute care unit. In total, 60 sarcopenic patients were randomly assigned to an intervention group (12-week mixed exercise) and a control group (12-week resistance exercise). The primary outcomes were the change of the Barthel Index and the number of fallers. The intervention group showed a mean increase of 9.5 points on the Barthel Index (95% confidence interval (CI) 3.9 …

Abstract Purpose The Asia Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 (AWGS) recommended using the calf circumference (CC) cut-off values to facilitate the case-finding of sarcopenia. However, the validity of the proposed cut-offs has not been examined in older patients with stroke. This study investigated the validity of the AWGS-recommended CC cut-off values for identifying sarcopenia among older patients with stroke. Materials and methods This cross-sectional study enrolled consecutive patients with stroke, aged 65 years and older, admitted …

This study aimed to investigate risk factors for sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults visiting regional medical institutions. We retrospectively analyzed medical records of 552 participants (mean age: 74.6±6.7 years, males 31.3%) who underwent body composition evaluation between March 2017 and December 2018 at one of 24 medical institutions belonging to the Kadoma City Medical Association in Japan. We collected the participant's characteristics and laboratory data. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the …

Objectives Sarcopenic dysphagia is partly characterized by a decline in the strength of the swallowing muscles. However, its associated characteristics and symptoms are unclear. The aim of this study was to clarify the characteristics and symptoms of swallowing ability associated with low tongue muscle strength, which is one of the swallowing muscles in older adults. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of 197 older patients admitted to the hospital for orthopedic conditions. We measured the maximum tongue pressure (MTP) …

Abstract The World Health Organization has recommended 5 g/day as dietary reference intakes for salt. In Japan, the averages for men and women were 11.0 g/day and 9.3 g/day, respectively. Recently, it was reported that amounts of sodium accumulation in skeletal muscles of older people were significantly higher than those in younger people. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the risk of sarcopenia with decreased muscle mass and strength was related to the amount of salt intake. In addition, we …