Background Fluid imbalance is associated with various clinical conditions, but the association between elevated extracellular‐water to total‐body‐water (ECW/TBW) ratio, an indicator of fluid balance, and cognitive impairment is unknown. We aimed to investigate relationship between ECW/TBW ratio and cognitive function in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods This study was a cross‐sectional design, comparing 1233 patients aged 61.4±8.0 years from the Singapore Study of Macro‐angiopathy and Micro‐vascular Reactivity in Type …

[Purpose] This study assessed the effects of type 2 diabetes without diabetic polyneuropathy on muscle strength according to body composition in middle age patients.[Subjects and Methods] This study included 45 non-diabetic individuals (control group) and 50 patients with type 2 diabetes (DM group), 40 to 64 years of age. The body composition was examined, including the leg muscle volume (LMV), which was the sum of the lower-limb muscle mass. The muscle strength was also examined, and the knee extension force (KEF) …

Background: This study investigates the effects of group counseling versus individual dietary prescription on physical, nutritional, and mental health in overweight or obese women. Methods: Seventy-four women aged 40-59 years with body mass index≥ 25 kg/m2 were randomized into 2 intervention arms: group nutrition counseling (GNC) or individualized nutrition prescription (INP). Twenty-seven women completed the 12-week intervention protocol. The GNC received counseling once a week and the INP received an individualized …

An abnormal lipid profile is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The relationship between vitamin B12 deficiency and lipid profile is inconclusive, with most studies conducted in unhealthy populations. In this study, we aimed to assess the relationship between serum vitamin B12 levels and lipid profiles in a cross-sectional study that included 341 apparently healthy Saudi women, aged 19–30 years, from different colleges at King Saud University, Saudi Arabia. Sociodemographic, anthropometric …

Background SARC-F is a 5-item, self-administered questionnaire developed to screen sarcopenia. To date, no Japanese version of the SARC-F has been developed. Aims To create a Japanese version of the SARC-F (SARC-FJ), a questionnaire for diabetic patients, and to investigate its reliability and validity. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. A Japanese translation of the SARC-F was created and revised, and the authors of the original version of the SARC-F verified the back-translation. The questionnaire was tested in diabetic …

The inflammatory biomarkers that fully characterize the metabolically unhealthy (MU) state—which is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD)—remain unclear. Recent studies suggest follistatin-like protein 1 (FSTL1) could be used as a biomarker for inflammation and CVD, however there is little information on FSTL1 levels in the MU state. We aimed to evaluate the associations between FSTL1, the presence of MU state and subclinical coronary atherosclerosis. In a cross-sectional study, we evaluated FSTL1 levels and their …

Purpose Vitamin D deficiency is reported to be more common in type 1 diabetes patients and might be associated with the increased urinary loss of vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) consequent to impaired 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25 (OH) D) circulation. We aimed to evaluate the possible increased urinary loss of VDBP, a correlation between VDBP and circulating 25 (OH) D level, and risk factors influencing low vitamin D level in pediatric type 1 diabetes patients without microalbuminuria. Methods This is a cross-sectional study of subjects who …

Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors are unique antihyperglycemic agents that cause osmotic diuresis and calorie loss to urine. We previously reported that administration of tofogliflozin, a sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, for 8 weeks decreased fat-free mass without affecting fat mass. We thus investigated the impact of tofogliflozin on metabolic parameters and body composition for 48 weeks in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This single-arm open-label study enrolled 20 patients. Patients received …

Objective Thyroid hormones play crucial roles in the control of energy homoeostasis and can influence body composition. In contrast, the changes in body composition might influence thyroid hormone levels. We evaluated associations between thyroid hormone levels, body composition and insulin resistance in euthyroid subjects with normal thyroid ultrasound (US) findings. Design and Patients This retrospective cross‐sectional study included 36 655 euthyroid subjects who joined the medical health check‐up programme at …

Obesity is a major risk factor of cardiovascular, osteoarthritis, metabolic and pulmonary disorders, and exercise is an efficient method for treating obesity. However, obese patients often complain of dyspnea on exertion, which makes it difficult to continue exercise program. Obesity is also known to have an adverse effect on pulmonary function. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a comprehensive obesity rehabilitation (COR) program on pulmonary function in Japanese patients with morbid obesity. We enrolled 29 Japanese …